Islamic Adab In Debt (1)

In the day-to-day life, most humans can not be separated from the name of accounts payable. For them there is a need and there is also needed. Thus the human condition as God set, there are dilapangkan sustenance to abound and some are narrowed sustenance, can not meet their basic needs so that pushed him into debt or forced to seek loans from people who are deemed able and willing to give him a loan.

In Islam, muamalah debts are allowed, but are required to be extra careful in applying them. Because debt can lead a person into heaven, and the reverse is also plunges a person into hell.

UNDERSTANDING THE LOAN RECEIVABLES:

Within Islamic jurisprudence, accounts payable or borrowing has been known as Al-Qard. Meaning of Al-Qard the etymology (language) is Al-Qath'u which means cutting. Assets are delivered to people who owe called Al-Qard, because it is a piece of property that gives the debt. (See Fiqh Muamalat (2/11), by Wahbah Zuhaili)

While the terminology (terms syar'i), meaning Al-Qard is handed treasure (money) as a form of affection to anyone who will use it and he will return it (at one time) in accordance with its equivalent. (See Muntaha Al-Iradat (I/197). Quoted from ash-Shariah Mauqif Min Al-Masharif Al-Islamiyya Al-Mu'ashirah, by DR. Abdullah Abdurrahim Al-Abbadi, p.29).

Or in other words, giving Debt is something that belongs to the lender to the borrower to return at a later date in accordance with the agreement of the same amount. If the borrower was given a loan of Rp. 1,000,000 (one million dollars) in the future then the borrower will return the sum of one million as well.

LEGAL DEBT DUE:

Receivables and payables in the original law allowed in Islamic law. Even people who are providing loans or loan to others who really need is the preferred and recommended, because in it there is a great reward. As for the arguments that show disyariatkannya accounts payable is as follows:

The definition of Al-Qur'an is the word of Allah: "Who will lend to Allah a good loan (spend their wealth in the way of Allah), then Allah will pay him double meperlipat with double folding a lot. And God narrows and enlarges (sustenance), and to Him you shall be returned. "(Surat al-Baqara: 245)

While the arguments of Al-Hadith is what is narrated from Abu Rafi ', ​​the Prophet Mohammed had borrowed a camel to a man. I came to see him carrying a camel of sadaqah. He told Abu Rafi 'to restore the man's camel belonging. Abu Rafi 'returned to him and said, "O Messenger of Allah! I get only the one best ruba'i sesekor camel? "He said,

'Give it to him. Surely the best is the most excellent in restoring debt. "(Narrated by Bukhari in Kitab Al-Istiqradh, baba istiqradh Al-Ibil (no.2390) and Muslim in the book of Al-musaqah, chapter Istaslafa Syai Man's

Fa Qadha Khairan Minhu (no.1600)

The Prophet Mohammed also said: "Every Muslim who lend to each other two times, he was like a one-time charity." (This in-hasan hadeeth out by Al-Albani in Irwa 'Al-ghalil Fi Takhrij ahadith manar As-sabil (no.1389)).

While of Ijma ', the scholars of the Muslims have berijma' about disyariatkannya accounts payable (loan).

The legal debt or loan request is allowed, and not something to be reproached or despised, because the Prophet Mohammed ever indebted. (Narrated by Bukhari IV/608 (no.2305) and Muslim VI/38 (no.4086)).

However, despite the debt or request the loan is permissible in Islamic law, only Muslim told his people to avoid debt as much as possible if he is able to buy with cash or are not in a state of economic smallness.

Because of the debt, according to the Prophet Mohammed, is a cause of grief in the evening and during the day humiliation. Debt can also be dangerous to morality, as the words of the Prophet Mohammed: "Surely if someone owes, so he used to say and then lied, and promised then deny." (Narrated by Bukhari).

Prophet Mohammed had refused menshalatkan remains unknown person still leave us with debt and do not leave anything behind to pay. Prophet Mohammed said: "It would be forgiven those who die a martyr all his sins, except debt."

(Narrated by Muslim).

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