Islamic Adab in Debt (2)

How Islam set-receivables owed to bring the perpetrators to Heaven and avoid Hell? Consider adab-adabnya below:

Manners SOME OF ISLAMIC LOAN RECEIVABLES:

[1]. Accounts payable should be written and attested.

The evidence for the word of Allah: "O you who believe, if you do not bermu'amalah cash for the specified time, you ought to write. And be an author of you write it correctly. And do not be reluctant writer to write as Allah has taught him, so let him write, and let people who owe it mengimlakkan (what was written), and let him fear Allah his Lord, and he shall not diminish at all rather than debt. If the debtor is the weak minds or weak (condition) or he can not afford mengimlakkan, then let his guardian mengimlakkan honestly. And persaksikanlah with two witnesses of those men (among you). If there are not two men, then (be) a man and two women from the witnesses that you ridhai, so that if one forgot the other one reminded. Do the witnesses were reluctant (to testify) if they are called, and ye shall not weary writing debt, both small and large until the deadline to pay. That is, more just in the sight of Allah and more able to corroborate testimony and closer to not (cause) doubts. (Write mu'amalahmu it), unless it's trafficking mu'amalah cash that you run in you, then there is no blame on you, (if) you do not write it. And persaksikanlah if you were buying and selling, and let neither scribe nor witness suffer harm. If ye do (such) then surely it would be wickedness in you. And fear Allah; Allah taught you, and Allah knows all things. " (Surat al-Baqara: 282)

In connection with this verse, Ibn Kathir rahimahullah said, "this is an indication of Him for His servants who are believers. If they bermu'amalah with non-cash transactions, ought to be written, to be more awake in number and time and further strengthen the witness. And in another verse, Allah Subhanahu wa Ta'ala has warned one of the verses: "It is more just in the sight of Allah and strengthens testimony and not to bring in doubt". (See Tafsir Al-Quran Al-Azhim, III/316).

[2]. Creditor or loan should not take advantage or benefit from those who owe.

Fiqh rule reads: "Every loan that brings advantages, the law usury". This happens if one of them requiring or promising addition. In other words, the loan bearing interest or benefit of any kind is forbidden by the Koran, the Sunnah, and the consensus of the scholars. Prohibition that covers all kinds of interest or benefit terms used by people who provide loans to the borrowers. Since the goal of the lender is to love and help the borrower. The goal is not seeking compensation or profit. (See Al-Fatawa al-Kubra III/146, 147)

With that basis, the loans are applied by banks and lenders in today's times is obviously usury is forbidden by Allah and His Messenger. so it can be exposed to strong threat in the world and in the Hereafter from Allah ta'ala.

Shaykh Salih al-Fawzaan-Hafizhahullah-said: "Be known, additional forbidden to take on additional debt is required. (For example), like someone saying "I give you debt condition and returned with additional umpteen so, or the condition you give a house or store, or you awarded me something". Or also with no dilafadzkan, but there is a desire for increased or additional expect, this is forbidden, while if the indebted add their own volition,

or at the instigation of it is owed unconditional or hope, then when it is not forbidden took extra. (See Al-Mulakhkhash Al-Fiqhi, Saalih al-Fawzaan, II/51).

[3]. Goodness appropriately rewarded with kindness

From Abu Hurairah t, he said: "The Prophet has a debt to someone, (ie) a camel with age rose tertentu.orang come to collect. (Then) beliaupun said, "Give to him" and then they look for the same age as his camel, but they did not find unless a more aged than his camel. The Prophet (also) said: "Give to him", he replied, "You have fulfilled more. May Allah I respond in kind ". So the Prophet Mohammed said, "The best of you is the best in return (debt)." (Narrated by al-Bukhari, Book of Al-Wakalah, no. 2305)

From Jabir bin Abdullah t he said: "I came to the Prophet Mohammed in the mosque, while he owes me, and he paid dam add". (Narrated by al-Bukhari, Book of Al-Istiqradh, no. 2394)

[4]. Owe in good faith and will finish

If someone owes a bad goal, then he has done injustice and sin. Among those bad goals such as:

a). Owed to cover unpaid debts

b). Owed to just have fun

c). Owed to the intention of asking. Because usually if the request is not given, then used the term debt to want to give.

d). With the intention of not going into debt to pay it off.

From Abu Hurairah t, he said that the Prophet Mohammed said: "He who takes someone else's property (in debt) in order to pay (back), then Allah will exert her. And whoever picked to finish (not pay it off, pent), then Allah will destroy it ". (Narrated by al-Bukhari, Book of Al-Istiqradh, no. 2387)

This hadith should be implanted into the inner self and the borrower, because the reality is often justified on the Prophet. How many people are in debt with the intention and determination to perform the prayer, so that Allah will make it easy for him to repay. Conversely, when a person committed to him, that the debt which he obtained from a person not accompanied by good intentions, God I destroy his life with debt. Allah tiring body in search of, but not being able to. And he letihkan soul for thinking the debt. If it happens in the mortal world, how nan eternal eternal afterlife?

[5]. It should not be bought and sold, along with debt or borrowing

The majority of scholars consider the act was not to be. May not provide the loan terms so that those who owe her something to sell, buy, lease or rent from someone who menghutanginya. Is essentially the Prophet: "Not permitted to borrow plus buying and selling." (Narrated by Abu Dawood no.3504, no.1234-Tirmidhi, An-Nasa'i

VII/288., And At-Tirmidhi said: "This hadith is hasan saheeh ").

Namely that such transactions are not used to taking a prohibited interest.

[6]. In the event of delay due to financial difficulties, let the person indebted to advise people who give loans.

Since this is part of the performing rights menghutangkan.

Do not keep silent or run from the lender, as it will aggravate the situation, and change the debt, which was originally a form of affection, turns into hostility and division.

[7]. Using borrowed money as quickly as possible. Be aware, that the loan is a mandate that should he return. Prophet Mohammed said: "The hand is responsible for all that took, until he fulfilled". (Narrated by Abu Dawud in Kitab Al-Buyu ', Al-Tirmidhi in the book Buyu', and otherwise).

[8]. Possible for the debtor to file the debt or reduction bleaching, and also looking for intermediaries (intercession) to plead.

From Jabir bin Abdullah t, he said: (My father) Abdullah died and he left many children and debts. So I pleaded with the owner of the debt that they want to reduce the amount of debt, but they are reluctant. I also went to the Prophet Mohammed asked for intercession (help) to them. (But) they also do not want to. He r said, "Separate kormamu according to its kind. Bunches Ibn Zaid one group. A soft one group, and Ajwa one group, then bring it to me. "(Then) I will do it. R He came and sat down and weigh each of them until paid, and dates remain as untouched. (Narrated by Al-Bukhari book Istiqradh, no. 2405).

[9]. Hasten to pay off debt

People who owe money should he try to pay off the debt as soon as possible when he has the ability to recover the debt. For those who procrastinate, delaying repayment of debts when he was able, he considered those who do injustice. As the words of the Prophet Mohammed: "Delaying (payments) for people who can be a kezhaliman". (Narrated by Bukhari no. 2400, but lafazhnya issued by Abu Dawud, Al-Aqdhiah book, no. 3628 and Ibn Majah, Al-Habs chapter fiddin wal Mulazamah, no. 2427).

It was narrated from Abu Hurairah t, he said, had the Prophet Mohammed said: "Even though I have a mountain of Uhud gold, I would not be happy if left for more than three days, except that I had set aside for the payment of debts". (Bukhari no. 2390)

 [10]. Suspension gives time to people struggling to repay their debts after the due date.

Allah says: "And if (the person who owes it) in a difficulty, grant him then get him to repay. and menyedekahkan (some or all of the debt), it is better for you, if you Know. "(Surat al-Baqara: 280).

It was narrated from Abul Yusr, a companion of the Prophet, he said, the Prophet Mohammed said: "Whoever wants Allah sheltered by shade him (on the Day of Resurrection, pent), then let him suspend debt repayment for people who are having trouble, or let him shed debt. "(Sahih Ibn Majah no. 1963)

Similarly, a brief explanation of some Islamic adab in accounts payable. May be an additional useful knowledge for anyone who reads it. And may God grant us all the airy sustenance, lawful and blessings, and to be free from the bondage of debt. Amen.

Source : Majalah PENGUSAHA MUSLIM, Edisi, Tanggal 15 November 2010